What is a potential impact of cavitation in pumps?

• A. Increased energy consumption
• B. Reduced efficiency and possible equipment failure
• C. Noise reduction
• D. Improved pump life

Answer: (B)

Cavitation happens when the pressure inside the pump drops below the liquid’s vapor pressure, so tiny vapor bubbles form and then collapse violently as they enter higher-pressure areas. That collapse creates shock waves and micro-jets that damage impeller surfaces and disrupt the flow, leading to vibrations and noise. This damage and flow disruption reduce the pump’s efficiency and can cause impeller or seal failures, which is why the potential impact is reduced efficiency and possible equipment failure. Noise and vibration are common results, but they stem from the same damaging process, while improved efficiency or life would not occur.